Skeptophilia (skep-to-fil-i-a) (n.) - the love of logical thought, skepticism, and thinking critically. Being an exploration of the applications of skeptical thinking to the world at large, with periodic excursions into linguistics, music, politics, cryptozoology, and why people keep seeing the face of Jesus on grilled cheese sandwiches.
Showing posts with label hydrogen-rich water. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hydrogen-rich water. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 7, 2017

Faith-based skepticism

I saw a comment on the r/skeptic subreddit yesterday that made me shudder a little.

It was connected to a post on something called "hydrogen water" that I dealt with in Skeptophilia almost exactly a year ago.  The original post on r/skeptic simply asked the question if there was anything to "hydrogen water;" and (as my own post describes) it's one of those things that sounds weird but apparently has at least some experimental support.  (See my post if you're curious on that point.)

What intrigued me, however, were the people who commented on the original question.  There was the usual assortment of folks who responded without doing any research, such as the guy who pointed out snarkily that "water is H2O and therefore there's always two hydrogens for every oxygen, you can't add more."  The claim, however, is not that you're creating water molecules with more hydrogen (H3O, H4O, etc.), but dissolving hydrogen gas into water.


[image courtesy of the Wikimedia Commons]

But then someone made a comment that made me pause.  "If it sounds like woo, it's woo."

Period.  End of discussion.

The problem is, that is exactly the sort of unscientific approach skeptics need to avoid.  That, in fact, is the reason we have science; because our notions, guesses, biases, and inclinations so often lead us astray.  I've gotten caught by that myself; when I first heard about low laser therapy -- the use of beams of polarized light to stimulate wound healing -- I thought, "How the hell could that work?  Our cells don't respond to light.  We're not plants."

But I was wrong.  Low laser therapy is now in routine use and is well-supported by research. The bottom line is that any argument from personal incredulity is insufficient to prove anything.

And for a skeptic to do this is especially bothersome, since we're often quick to point it out in others.  That's a charge you (rightly) hear levied at the creationists; just because you personally can't imagine how evolution could work, how it could produce complex structures like eyes and limbs and wings and brains, is no argument that evolution is wrong.  All it means is that you can't imagine it (or, given all the resources out there that give cogent explanations of evolution for the layperson, are simply too lazy to make the effort to understand).

So "if it sounds like woo, it's woo" is a lousy guideline to establishing scientific truth.  For that, we have controlled experiments and the whole superstructure of testing and retesting and peer review.  Which, though hardly flawless, is clearly the best option we have for understanding the universe.

The whole thing is yet another indicator that being a skeptic doesn't mean getting rid of our biases as much as it does being aware that we have biases, and being open to modifying our understanding based on the available evidence.  The open-and-shut, faith-based, accept-this-because-it sounds-appealing approach is completely antithetical to science and skepticism.

I mean, that's what a lot of us criticize about religion.  You'd think we'd be more aware not to do the same thing ourselves.

In any case, I can only hope that the guy who posted in r/skeptic was just making a passing, thoughtless comment.  Heaven knows that happens, too.  But I thought it was a good opportunity for us skeptics to take a long, hard look at ourselves -- and to acknowledge the fact that we're just as prone as the next person to slip into fallacies if we're not careful.

Wednesday, December 23, 2015

Murky waters

Yesterday I ran into the latest completely bogus suggestion from the alternative medicine nuts:

"Hydrogen-rich structured water."

Plain old water, apparently, isn't good enough, we need special water, water that is different by virtue of having lots of properties that make complete sense as long as you failed high school chemistry.

They start off with a bang:
You have probably heard that the human body is two-thirds water. It may surprise you to know that over 99 percent of the molecules in your body are water molecules. So how is it possible that 99 percent of the molecules don’t do anything?  That question inspired leading scientists to put water under a microscope.  What researchers discovered was a fourth phase of water known as structured water.  Meaning, the molecules are structured or ordered for cells to absorb them.
There are only a few problems with this paragraph, to wit:
  • Two-thirds does not equal 99%.
  • The water molecules in your body actually do lots of things, which is why if I took all of the water out of your body, you would die.
  • You can't see water molecules under a microscope.
  • There are actually eleven known phases of water, each of which exists at various ranges of temperature and pressure, as shown on the diagram below:


[image courtesy of the Wikimedia Commons]

So already we're off to a great start, with one of the highest bullshit-to-text ratios I've ever seen.

Then we're told that not only is this product "structured," it's "hydrogen-enriched," so that it is "Powered to flush toxins and waste...  Activated to replicate and convert energy...  Energized for lasting alertness... [and] Optimized for better hydration."

Now, there are two ways they could add hydrogen to water; as hydrogen gas (gases are soluble in water; witness seltzer), or as hydrogen ions.

Neither would be a good idea.

If you add hydrogen gas to water, presumably under pressure (the way they make soda), then when you open the bottle, it'll fizz out, just as the carbon dioxide does when you pop the cap off a beer, which you'll probably need to do to recover from the stress of reading all of this.  The problem is, forcing hydrogen gas into water under pressure and then giving it to an unsuspecting person is problematic, from the standpoint of the fact that hydrogen gas is explosive.

Remember the Hindenburg?

Yeah, that.

Adding the hydrogen in ionic form isn't any better.  When you add hydrogen ions to water, you've created what chemists call an "acid."  The more you add, the more acidic it becomes, and the more the pH of the solution drops.  Plain old lemonade has a pH of about 5 or so, depending on how strong you make it; this corresponds to a hundred-times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than plain water (pH of 7).  Commercial vinegar has a pH of about 3, meaning it has a hundred times higher concentration still (recall that pH is a logarithmic scale; each pH point corresponds to a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion concentration).

So if the hydrogen-enriched water people are right, we should all be drinking vinegar.  Or, better yet, the sulfuric acid from your car battery, which at a pH of about 1 has a million times more hydrogen ions than pure water does.

Healthful stuff, battery acid.  Really "hydrogen-enriched."  It'd certainly flush out the toxins, rather in the way that Drano cleans out the pipes in your kitchen.  I doubt you'd feel all that "activated and optimized" afterwards, however.

Once again, we have a product that is so much snake oil -- water with some minerals added, that is then marketed as the next big thing in health.  The only benefit from this stuff is to the bank accounts of the people who are peddling it.

So there you are.  How to make water even, um, waterier.  Or something.  And how we should all give up on regular old water.

Myself, I'm thinking of switching to scotch.